Criminal & Forensic Investigation with Artificial Intelligence & Their Effect on Privacy Rights: A Comparative Study of India and European Union

Humans are living in the era of Technology and Artificial intelligence (AI) and the use of them by law enforcement and Forensic experts is not only able to solve unsolved mysterious cases but also becoming a threat to the individual's privacy. There are already some laws regarding Privacy since years such as Article 21 of Indian Constitution but with the growing global privacy concerns as AI and Technology are not limited to a certain territory, nations got alert and came up with their separate statutes to protect privacy such as DPDP Act of India, GDPR of European Union (EU) act, etc. This paper aims to identify how AI tools and Technology are beneficial for Law enforcement and other investigating agencies ultimately which will benefit the members of the society, thereafter how the privacy right of an individual got infringed due to excessive use of technology and AI by investigators, how legislature of India and European Union (EU) is trying to protect the privacy rights with the help of statutes or regulations, and finally to provide suggestions related to advanced technology and governance which will help to maintain the balance between a rightful investigation and privacy rights.